The search operation is ongoing deep inside Iran for a second crew member, according to CBS News, the BBC’s US partner. Combat search and rescue (CSAR) missions are considered among the most complex and time-sensitive operations that US and allied militaries prepare for. In the US, elite units of the Air Force are specially trained for CSAR missions and are often pre-emptively deployed near conflict areas where aircraft could be lost. Put simply, CSAR missions are military operations aimed at finding, aiding, and potentially rescuing personnel in need, including downed pilots and isolated troops. In contrast to conventional search-and-rescue efforts—which may take place during humanitarian operations or after disasters—CSAR missions occur in hostile or contested environments. In some cases, as in Friday’s reported recovery effort in Iran, the operations may take place deep in enemy territory.

CSAR missions are often conducted using helicopters, supported by refuelling aircraft and other military planes tasked with conducting strikes and patrolling the area. A former commander of a pararescue jumper squadron told CBS News that a rescue operation like the reported one in Iran would involve at least 24 pararescue jumpers scouring the area in UH-60 Black Hawk helicopters. They added that the team would be prepared to jump from aircraft if needed, and that, once on the ground, their priority would be to establish contact with the missing crew member.

Upon locating them, the pararescue jumpers would provide medical aid if necessary, evade the enemy, and move to a location where extraction can take place, according to CBS News. “Harrowing and massively dangerous is an understatement,” the former commander told CBS News. They added: “This is what they train to do, all over the world. They are known as the Swiss Army knives of the Air Force.” Verified video that emerged from Iran on Friday appeared to show US military helicopters and at least one refuelling aircraft operating over Khuzestan province. (BBC)