with Portugal expected to act at the same pace. The decision was criticized by the Israeli government, families of hostages in Gaza, and some conservatives, who argue that recognition would threaten our existential security and would be a reward for terrorism. The United States and Israel view recognition as a diplomatic move toward Hamas after the attacks in October 2023, while Starmer stressed that recognition is not a reward for Hamas and that Hamas should have no future, no role in government, and no role in security.

According to the prime minister, this step is intended to keep hope for peace and a two-state solution alive, and he emphasized that the warring parties should not see any future in a broken situation. Earlier in July, the UK had stated it was considering recognition under conditions such as a ceasefire in Gaza and a long-term peace process toward a Palestinian state alongside Israel. So far, successive British governments have acknowledged that recognition can be the right signal, despite opposing attempts to achieve a ceasefire and despite failed efforts for a long-term solution.

On the ground in Gaza, the humanitarian situation has deteriorated, with bombardments and a mass displacement of people. According to the Gaza health ministry, dozens have been reported dead, and the situation remains dire. A UN inquiry had previously accused Israel of genocide in Gaza, which Israel denied. In the UK, attention was also drawn to the ongoing illegal settlement expansions as an obstacle to a viable Palestinian state. Political reactions were divided: some MPs welcomed the step as necessary, others criticized the timing and internal political pressure, and the Liberal Democrats endorsed recognition as a long-awaited step.

The Palestinian Authority, led by Mahmoud Abbas, welcomed the pledge and stressed that Hamas should play no role in future governance. Families of hostages, however, called for delay until the 48 hostages, including about 20 possibly still alive, are released, because recognition could complicate negotiations and a ceasefire. Palestine is recognized by about 75% of UN member states, but still lacks borders, a capital, and a uniform army, making recognition largely symbolic.

In short, the British recognition is seen as an attempt to preserve hope for peace and to open a pathway to a two-state solution, but also raises controversy and questions about leverage, timing, and consistency of policy toward Hamas and the current conflict dynamics. (BBC)